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内容简介
螺纹紧固件联接工程 高清可编辑文字版
作者：（日）酒井智次 著
出版时间：2016
本书概述了在螺纹联接的设计和评估时应注意的基本原理及相关事项。内容包括螺纹联接设计的基本过程、螺纹联接的故障现象、螺纹联接的原理、螺纹联接设计中所涉及的知识、联接设计可靠性测试过程中需要注意的事项、导致螺纹联接故障原因的关键点、螺纹联接检查方法以及常用的螺栓、螺母之外的其他紧固件的联接方法；详细介绍了螺纹联接设计计算实例。为便于理解，本书尽可能避免了偏重于严密性的细致描述以及特殊情况的记述，把理解螺纹联接的通用基础知识作为目标。本书的内容是作者在丰田汽车公司长期工作所获得的知识和经验。
本书目录
序
译者的话
前言
第1章螺纹联接设计的基本过程··········1
第2章螺纹联接的故障现象··········3
2.1拧紧过程中的故障··········3
2.2拧紧过程后的故障··········4
2.3故障的特点和原因··········5
第3章螺纹紧固件的基本原理··········7
3.1螺纹紧固件的力学原理··········7
3.1.1斜面原理··········7
3.1.2紧固扭矩与螺栓轴向预紧力之间的关系··········8
3.1.3螺栓轴向预紧力与螺栓、被联接件的弹性变形之间的关系··········12
3.1.4外加载荷和施加在螺栓上的载荷之间的关系··········14
3.1.5螺栓和被联接件的弹簧常数··········19
3.2螺纹紧固件的装配··········24
3.2.1轴向预紧力作用下螺栓的屈服··········24
3.2.2扭矩（紧固）法··········27
3.2.3塑性区紧固法··········29
3.2.4其他装配方法··········31
3.3螺栓的静态失效··········32
3.3.1螺栓的拉伸断裂··········32
3.3.2螺栓的剪切断裂··········32
3.4螺栓的疲劳断裂··········33
3.4.1疲劳断裂··········33
3.4.2螺纹的疲劳断裂··········34
3.4.3偏心载荷作用下的系统形变图··········35
3.4.4螺纹的疲劳极限··········36
3.5螺纹失效··········38
3.6螺栓的延迟断裂··········43
3.7被联接件的分离··········45
3.8被联接件的滑动··········46
3.9螺栓松动··········47
3.9.1旋转松动··········47
3.9.2非旋转松动··········57
3.9.3防松措施··········67
3.10螺纹规格··········72
3.10.1螺纹的基本形状··········72
3.10.2螺纹牙底的形状··········73
3.10.3外螺纹的应力面积··········73
3.10.4支承面面积··········74
3.10.5螺栓和螺母的力学性能··········74
3.10.6螺栓头下圆角半径··········76
第4章螺纹联接设计方法··········77
4.1确定作用在机器（系统或部件）上的载荷··········78
4.2计算作用在螺纹联接系统上的载荷··········79
4.3将螺纹联接系统上的载荷分解成剪切载荷分量、拉伸载荷分量和偏心量··········79
4.4防止各种问题发生的研究··········79
4.4.1与剪切载荷Ws有关的研究··········79
4.4.2（纯）拉伸载荷的研究··········83
4.4.3偏心拉伸载荷的研究··········85
4.5螺栓尺寸、螺栓强度和紧固扭矩的确定··········86
4.6对过度拧紧和应力腐蚀开裂的研究··········88
4.7使用样件进行功能验证试验··········89
第5章螺纹联接可靠性评价方法··········90
5.1样品的条件··········90
5.2试验载荷··········91
5.2.1概述··········91
5.2.2最大保证载荷··········91
5.2.3防滑保证载荷··········91
5.2.4防松保证载荷··········91
5.2.5防分离保证载荷··········92
5.2.6防疲劳保证载荷··········92
5.2.7温度··········92
5.3故障分析迹象··········92
5.3.1是否拧紧··········92
5.3.2螺栓失效原因··········93
5.3.3松动及其原因研究··········93
5.4故障特征··········99
5.4.1剪切载荷作用下的旋转松动··········99
5.4.2拉伸载荷作用下的螺栓疲劳断裂··········100
5.4.3蠕变（应力松弛）引起的松动··········100
5.5松动的测量方法··········101
5.5.1残余扭矩的测量方法··········101
5.5.2螺栓和螺母的松动角度测量方法··········102
5.5.3弹簧垫圈上升量测量方法··········103
5.5.4检查旋转和滑动存在的方法··········103
5.5.5残余轴向预紧力的测量方法··········104
5.6轴向预紧力的测量方法··········104
5.6.1使用超声轴向预紧力测量仪的方法··········104
5.6.2使用螺栓贴应变片的测量方法··········106
5.6.3使用压力传感器的方法··········108
5.7螺纹紧固件摩擦系数的测量方法··········109
5.7.1样品··········109
5.7.2测量装置··········109
5.7.3拧紧速度··········110
5.7.4螺纹摩擦系数、支承面摩擦系数和总摩擦系数的计算··········110
螺纹紧固件联接工程目录第6章螺纹联接的检查方法··········113
6.1紧固扭矩和检查扭矩之间的关系··········113
6.2紧固扭矩的检查··········114
6.3紧固扭矩的监测和记录··········114
6.4根据轴向预紧力进行的检查··········114
第7章各类螺纹紧固件的使用··········116
7.1垫片··········116
7.1.1垫片的承载表面功能··········117
7.1.2垫片的隔离功能··········117
7.1.3弹簧垫圈的弹簧功能··········118
7.1.4垫片的必要性··········120
7.2双头螺柱··········120
7.3自攻螺钉··········121
7.4止动部件··········122
7.4.1螺纹阻力型止动··········123
7.4.2机械式止动··········124
7.4.3支承面阻力型止动··········125
7.4.4胶粘剂··········125
7.4.5如何评价止动部件的性能··········125
7.5双螺母··········128
7.6粗牙螺纹和细牙螺纹··········128
7.7支承面角度··········129
第8章螺纹设计计算实例··········131
8.1承受剪切载荷的联接系统：曲轴和飞轮之间的联接··········131
8.2承受扭转载荷的联接系统：曲轴和带轮之间的联接··········137
8.3承受偏心拉伸载荷的联接系统：连杆和连杆盖之间的联接··········145
8.4承受惯性力的联接系统：安装计算机··········152
8.5承受一次性大冲击载荷的联接系统：安全带肩带固定器的安装··········156
8.6电气功能件的联接系统：车窗玻璃电动升降器的安装··········162
8.7暴露于高温下的联接系统：排气歧管和排气管之间的联接··········166
第9章为进一步理解螺纹紧固件进行的计算练习··········171
附录··········185
附录A附图··········185
附图1~6六角头螺栓（粗牙）的T-F-μ-σy图··········185~188
附图7~12六角法兰面螺栓（细牙）的T-F-μ-σy图··········188~191
附图13~18小六角头螺栓（细牙）的T-F-μ-σy图··········191~194
附录B附表··········194
附表1螺纹中径、底径、应力面积（As）和牙底横截面积（A3）一览表··········194
附表2外螺纹零件（粗牙和细牙螺纹）轴向拉伸试验中最小屈服载荷··········196~197
附表3材料的临界面压··········198
附表4支承面积Aw（最小值）和应力面积As比值表··········199
附表5支承面等效摩擦直径dw··········200
附表6接触面的摩擦系数··········201
附表7不同材料的热膨胀系数α、弹性模量E和剪切模量G··········201
附表8推荐的螺纹临界啮合长度值··········203
附表9从维氏硬度值获得的钢铁材料（光滑试样）强度值的估算··········203
附录C符号列表··········204
参考文献··········207
3.1.2紧固扭矩与螺栓轴向预紧力之间的关系··········8
3.1.3螺栓轴向预紧力与螺栓、被联接件的弹性变形之间的关系··········12
3.1.4外加载荷和施加在螺栓上的载荷之间的关系··········14
3.1.5螺栓和被联接件的弹簧常数··········19
3.2螺纹紧固件的装配··········24
3.2.1轴向预紧力作用下螺栓的屈服··········24
3.2.2扭矩（紧固）法··········27
3.2.3塑性区紧固法··········29
3.2.4其他装配方法··········31
3.3螺栓的静态失效··········32
3.3.1螺栓的拉伸断裂··········32
3.3.2螺栓的剪切断裂··········32
3.4螺栓的疲劳断裂··········33
3.4.1疲劳断裂··········33
3.4.2螺纹的疲劳断裂··········34
3.4.3偏心载荷作用下的系统形变图··········35
3.4.4螺纹的疲劳极限··········36
3.5螺纹失效··········38
3.6螺栓的延迟断裂··········43
3.7被联接件的分离··········45
3.8被联接件的滑动··········46
3.9螺栓松动··········47
3.9.1旋转松动··········47
3.9.2非旋转松动··········57
3.9.3防松措施··········67
3.10螺纹规格··········72
3.10.1螺纹的基本形状··········72
3.10.2螺纹牙底的形状··········73
3.10.3外螺纹的应力面积··········73
3.10.4支承面面积··········74
3.10.5螺栓和螺母的力学性能··········74
3.10.6螺栓头下圆角半径··········76
第4章螺纹联接设计方法··········77
4.1确定作用在机器（系统或部件）上的载荷··········78
4.2计算作用在螺纹联接系统上的载荷··········79
4.3将螺纹联接系统上的载荷分解成剪切载荷分量、拉伸载荷分量和偏心量··········79
4.4防止各种问题发生的研究··········79
4.4.1与剪切载荷Ws有关的研究··········79
4.4.2（纯）拉伸载荷的研究··········83
4.4.3偏心拉伸载荷的研究··········85
4.5螺栓尺寸、螺栓强度和紧固扭矩的确定··········86
4.6对过度拧紧和应力腐蚀开裂的研究··········88
4.7使用样件进行功能验证试验··········89
第5章螺纹联接可靠性评价方法··········90
5.1样品的条件··········90
5.2试验载荷··········91
5.2.1概述··········91
5.2.2最大保证载荷··········91
5.2.3防滑保证载荷··········91
5.2.4防松保证载荷··········91
5.2.5防分离保证载荷··········92
5.2.6防疲劳保证载荷··········92
5.2.7温度··········92
5.3故障分析迹象··········92
5.3.1是否拧紧··········92
5.3.2螺栓失效原因··········93
5.3.3松动及其原因研究··········93
5.4故障特征··········99
5.4.1剪切载荷作用下的旋转松动··········99
5.4.2拉伸载荷作用下的螺栓疲劳断裂··········100
5.4.3蠕变（应力松弛）引起的松动··········100
5.5松动的测量方法··········101
5.5.1残余扭矩的测量方法··········101
5.5.2螺栓和螺母的松动角度测量方法··········102
5.5.3弹簧垫圈上升量测量方法··········103
5.5.4检查旋转和滑动存在的方法··········103
5.5.5残余轴向预紧力的测量方法··········104
5.6轴向预紧力的测量方法··········104
5.6.1使用超声轴向预紧力测量仪的方法··········104
5.6.2使用螺栓贴应变片的测量方法··········106
5.6.3使用压力传感器的方法··········108
5.7螺纹紧固件摩擦系数的测量方法··········109
5.7.1样品··········109
5.7.2测量装置··········109
5.7.3拧紧速度··········110
5.7.4螺纹摩擦系数、支承面摩擦系数和总摩擦系数的计算··········110
螺纹紧固件联接工程目录第6章螺纹联接的检查方法··········113
6.1紧固扭矩和检查扭矩之间的关系··········113
6.2紧固扭矩的检查··········114
6.3紧固扭矩的监测和记录··········114
6.4根据轴向预紧力进行的检查··········114
第7章各类螺纹紧固件的使用··········116
7.1垫片··········116
7.1.1垫片的承载表面功能··········117
7.1.2垫片的隔离功能··········117
7.1.3弹簧垫圈的弹簧功能··········118
7.1.4垫片的必要性··········120
7.2双头螺柱··········120
7.3自攻螺钉··········121
7.4止动部件··········122
7.4.1螺纹阻力型止动··········123
7.4.2机械式止动··········124
7.4.3支承面阻力型止动··········125
7.4.4胶粘剂··········125
7.4.5如何评价止动部件的性能··········125
7.5双螺母··········128
7.6粗牙螺纹和细牙螺纹··········128
7.7支承面角度··········129
第8章螺纹设计计算实例··········131
8.1承受剪切载荷的联接系统：曲轴和飞轮之间的联接··········131
8.2承受扭转载荷的联接系统：曲轴和带轮之间的联接··········137
8.3承受偏心拉伸载荷的联接系统：连杆和连杆盖之间的联接··········145
8.4承受惯性力的联接系统：安装计算机··········152
8.5承受一次性大冲击载荷的联接系统：安全带肩带固定器的安装··········156
8.6电气功能件的联接系统：车窗玻璃电动升降器的安装··········162
8.7暴露于高温下的联接系统：排气歧管和排气管之间的联接··········166
第9章为进一步理解螺纹紧固件进行的计算练习··········171
附录··········185
附录A附图··········185
附图1~6六角头螺栓（粗牙）的T-F-μ-σy图··········185~188
附图7~12六角法兰面螺栓（细牙）的T-F-μ-σy图··········188~191
附图13~18小六角头螺栓（细牙）的T-F-μ-σy图··········191~194
附录B附表··········194
附表1螺纹中径、底径、应力面积（As）和牙底横截面积（A3）一览表··········194
附表2外螺纹零件（粗牙和细牙螺纹）轴向拉伸试验中最小屈服载荷··········196~197
附表3材料的临界面压··········198
附表4支承面积Aw（最小值）和应力面积As比值表··········199
附表5支承面等效摩擦直径dw··········200
附表6接触面的摩擦系数··········201
附表7不同材料的热膨胀系数α、弹性模量E和剪切模量G··········201
附表8推荐的螺纹临界啮合长度值··········203
附表9从维氏硬度值获得的钢铁材料（光滑试样）强度值的估算··········203
附录C符号列表··········204
参考文献··········207
