基于ANSYS的齿轮传动有限元分析和优化
摘要
ANSYS是随着电子计算机的发展而迅速发展起来的一种在计算数学，计算力学和计算工程科学领域最有效的通用有限元分析软件。它是融结构，热，流 体，电磁，声学于一体的大型通用有限元商用分析软件。利用ANSYS有限元分析，可以对各种机械零件，构件进行应力，应变，变形，疲劳分析，并对某些复杂 系统进行仿真，实现虚拟的设计，从而大大节省人力，财力和物力。由于其方便性、实用性和有效性，ANSYS软件在各个领域，特别是机械工程当中得到了广泛 的应用。
齿轮是机械中常用的一种零件，其在工作的过程中会产生应力，应变和变形，为保证其正常工作需要对齿轮的轮齿和整体受力进行分析，保证其刚度和强度的要求。本论文采用ANSYS软件对齿轮进行静力学分析和优化实现对齿轮的虚拟设计。
齿轮是最重要的零件之一。它具有功率范围大，传动效率高，传动比正确，使用寿命长等特点，但从零件失效的情况来看，齿轮也是最容易出故障的零件之一。据统计，在各种机械故障中，齿轮失效就占故障总数的60%以上。其中轮齿的折断又是齿轮失效的主要原因之一。
齿轮啮合过程作为一种接触行为, 因涉及接触状态的改变而成为一个复杂的非线性问题。传统的齿轮理论分析是建立在弹性力学基础上的, 对于齿轮的接触强度计算均以两平行圆柱体对压的赫兹公式为基础,在计算过程中存在许多假设,不能准确反映齿轮啮合过程中的应力以及应变分布与变化。相对于 理论分析,有限元法则具有直观、准确、快速方便等优点。
齿廓曲面是渐开线曲面，所以建模的难点和关键在于如何确定精确的渐开线。通过PDL命令流直接在ANSYS中创建标准直齿圆柱齿轮，学习应用ANSYS软件进行零件的几何建模和网格划分，并进行静力加载和求解，对求解的结果进行查看，分析和优化。
关键词：ANSYS；有限元；齿轮；CAE
Gear Transmission Of Finite Element Analysis And Optimization
Abstract
ANSYS is along with the rapid development of electronic computers and developed a computational mathematics, computational mechanics and engineering science, the most effective general finite element analysis software. It is hot, the fluid, structure, electromagnetic, acoustics integration in the universal finite element analysis software for commercial. Using the ANSYS finite element analysis, all kinds of machine parts, can carry out stress, strain and structural deformation, fatigue analysis of some complex system, and the simulation, the design and realization of virtual human, to save money and material. Due to its convenience, practicability and validity, ANSYS software, especially in the field of mechanical engineering has been widely used.
Gear is commonly used in machinery, a part of the work in process of stress, strain and can produce deformation, so as to ensure the normal working of gear teeth and to overall analysis, ensure the stiffness and strength. This thesis of ANSYS software of gear static analysis and optimization of virtual design of gear.
Gear is one of the most important parts. It has big power range, high transmission efficiency and transmission ratio correctly, long using life, etc, but from the failure parts, gear is the most vulnerable parts of the fault. According to statistics, in all kinds of mechanical failure, gear failure is accounted for 60% of the total failure. One of the broken tooth gear is one of the main reasons.
Gear meshing process as a contact, because involves contact state changes a complex nonlinear problems. The traditional theory of gear analysis was based on the basis of elastic mechanics, the contact strength for gear with two parallel computation formula of the cylinder pressure, based in Hertz calculation process in many assumptions, was not accurate in reflecting gear meshing process of stress and strain distribution and change. Relative to the theoretical analysis, finite element method, the principle is convenient and fast accurate, etc.
Involute tooth profile surface is curved, so the difficulties and modeling key lies in how to determine the precise involute. Through PDL coupler, single mode WDMS directly in order to create ANSYS flow standard spur gears, study on parts of ANSYS software, and the meshing geometric modeling and static load and the solving of solving the check, analysis and optimization.
Key words: ANSYS; Finite element; Gear; CAE
目录
1 绪论. – 2 –
1.1有限元概述… – 2 –
1.2选题背景… – 3 –
1.3 本文主要工作… – 3 –
3 在ANSYS中建立齿轮分析模型. – 4 –
3.1 几何模型的建立… – 4 –
3.1.1 大小齿轮的具体基本参数和尺寸… – 4 –
3.1.2 渐开线的生成原理… – 5 –
3.2 几何模型的网格划分… – 7 –
3.2.1 定义单元属性… – 7 –
3.2.2 定义网格生成控制并生成网格… – 8 –
4 ANSYS静力加载与静力求解. – 11 –
4.1创建接触对… – 11 –
4.2 ANSYS施加边界条件和加载… – 14 –
4.3 ANSYS求解… – 16 –
5 求解结果的分析和优化. – 16 –
5.1 求解结果查看… – 16 –
5.2 结果分析及结论… – 19 –
5.3 对齿轮的优化… – 20 –
6 全文总结与展望. – 21 –
6.1 全文总结… – 21 –
6.2 工作展望… – 21 –
参考文献. – 22 –
